You are able to run a report to view which employee requests were approved after the cutoff date, once the cycle was locked.
You can run a report to view this information - as an example we'll use a cycle that ran January 2022 - December 2022 which is now locked.
First run an ‘approved requests summary’ report by going to Analytics > Reports > +Add New > Report > Use Template > Approved requests summary
You can then add advanced filters, with request "approved on" after 01/01/2023. Then request "end date" before 01/01/2023
This will filter the report to show any requests which were approved after 01/01/2023, where the last date in the request duration is before 01/01/2023.